Hollow-Core Fibre: The Route to a Faster Future?

Tim Passingham


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The demand for lightning-fast broadband


As we continue to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic, demand is higher than ever for services that require lots of data. For most of us, this is most noticeable in the home: remote working, gaming, online video streaming.


While 95% of UK premises have access to superfast broadband (30 Mb/s), the race is now on to provide nationwide access to ‘gigabit’ broadband (1 Gb/s) by 2030, as per the government’s commitment in this year’s Levelling Up white paper. Old copper networks are unable to deliver such high speeds and are therefore being systematically phased out by single-mode optical fibre (SMF), which is being deployed at pace in FTTP access networks around the globe.


This copper-to-fibre upgrade represents a pivotal moment in the history of telecommunications in the UK and beyond, as we move away from infrastructure that has been in place for over a century. Many industries and services are ever-reliant on higher speed connectivity. 


Is SMF the best solution, or are we overlooking a better alternative?

Fibre optics

The emergence of hollow-core fibre


Conventional SMF in global use today passes light through a single fibre strand made from glass. Albeit incredibly pure and refined, there is no getting away from the fact that light travelling through glass will always travel slower through this medium than through a vacuum—as well as being affected by attenuation. This is where hollow-core fibre (HCF) technology offers greater promise, chasing a seemingly impossible solution to limitations governed by the fundamental laws of physics: by enabling the light to be transmitted via air or a vacuum.


HCF technology has improved since its emergence in the late 1990s, yet the central concept remains the same: an optical fibre guiding light through a hollow core (air or vacuum) with a lower refractive index than any single-mode core. Running the signal through an air-filled rather than glass-centre channel means the signal speed can be maintained at 99.9% of the speed of light (300 km/s), rather than at 66%. While there are now nuances in design and construction, the best performing HCF to date is the double-nested antiresonant nodeless fiber (DNANF) recently developed by Lumenisity, an offshoot from the University of Southampton’s Optoelectronics Research Centre (ORC).


Aside from transmission speed, another critical performance indicator of an optical fibre is its attenuation value, a measure of the light signal lost between input and output. First reported in March of this year, Lumenisity’s DNANF achieved attenuations of 0.22 dB/km at 1310nm (O-band) and of 0.174 dB/km at 1550nm (C-band), matching that of commercial SMF at some frequencies (C-band) and surpassing it in others (O-band). This recent ground-breaking development has further pushed HCF into the spotlight, with various industries now considering possible applications of the technology in their fields.

Fibre optics

Examining potential applications of hollow-core fibre


The excitement around HCF has led to a number of key trials which may shed light on the best use cases for Lumenisity’s CoreSmart® solution. One such trial was carried out in March by euNetworks. Using Lumenisity’s latest solution, the company installed a 7km route of HCF between the LON1 and London Stock Exchange data centres. Through 50% faster data transmission, latency was cut by 1/3 compared to SMF. This finding has huge implications for financial trading and is also of interest for gaming networks. Longer trial routes are now being planned, while there is confidence that the decreased latency can be maintained even with increased separation of data centres, an exciting prospect for both high frequency traders and hyperscalers.


Telecoms giant BT, in early testing with Mavenir, also noted that HCF’s faster transmission and reduced latency could help to lower mobile network costs, allowing greater distances between antennas and back-end cabinets and therefore larger areas to be served by fewer cabinets. In a different trial, instead with a focus on potential applications in quantum security, BT deployed a quantum key distribution (QKD) system using 6km of Lumenisity’s HCF solution. Reporting a reduction in latency and signal interference, the trial exposed the potential for HCF to be deployed in quantum communications, boosting security for data transmission through the safer delivery of quantum keys for quantum encryption. 


Another potential application of the technology is in laser machining. Experiments by Lumenisity’s Francesco Poletti and the ORC showed that 1kw of continuous laser power at 1070nm could be beamed through a 1km-long stretch of HCF, compared to SMF’s capacity of tens of metres at this wattage, avoiding the nonlinear effects seen with conventional SMF given the nested design that gives (D)NANF its name. This ability to deliver high-power beams over such distances could be a huge discovery for the field of laser machining.


Could hollow-core fibre change the face of FTTP?


HCF has been shown to match or better performance of conventional SMF at different wavelengths, showcasing improvements with attenuation, latency, nonlinearity and dispersion. The excitement around this new fibre technology in various industries is clear, but just how realistic is its application in FTTP access networks?


With a predicted increase of 10+ million live connections in the UK by 2025, the demand for fast and dependable fibre is ever-greater. Unfortunately, HCF technology cannot yet answer this demand, for a multitude of reasons. Not only is the geography of the UK very awkward, but to use HCF in FTTP access networks to increase broadband speeds would require rebuilding existing FTTP deployments. Still an emerging technology, HCF is not yet being manufactured in volume and so comes at an extreme price premium, which is not expected to change for several years. Currently HCF’s use in FTTP access networks in the UK and across the globe seems a very distant possibility. The ongoing evolution of PON and other technologies will also continue to increase the performance, speed and commercial lifespan of existing SMF, further pushing the goalposts for HCF.


So, although HCF’s use in the consumer access networks is some way off, we may see many core network and business applications starting to incorporate this technology.


What Cambridge MC can do to help


Having lived with and worked around the limitations of SMF for 40 years or so, HCF will provide a step-change in optical networking and the applications it can support.


These will have far-reaching impacts on digital transformation strategies that will be adopted by our enterprise clients. HCF is a truly fascinating new technology and, although still in its infancy, already demonstrates a capacity for lower latency networking in the years to come. It may be some time before we benefit from HCF in the home when gaming or streaming our favourite Netflix shows, but B2B applications of HCF are more likely, particularly with financial trading and data centres.


With a reputation for excellence and expertise in the telecommunications industry, Cambridge Management Consulting will continue to track this technology and many others as they emerge. We pride ourselves on being ahead of the curve, and our consultants are on many panels and boards that advise on and predict future technology trends. When commercial opportunities for HCF emerge, we will be able to advise your organisation on adoption strategies - for more information contact us.


About Us

Cambridge Management Consulting is a specialist consultancy drawing on an extensive network of global talent. We are your growth catalyst, assembling a team of experts to focus on the specific challenges of your market.


With an emphasis on digital transformation, we add value to any business attempting to scale by combining capabilities such as marketing acceleration, digital innovation, talent acquisition and procurement.


Founded in Cambridge, UK, we created a consultancy to cope specifically with the demands of a fast-changing digital world. Since then, we’ve gone international, with offices in Cambridge, London, Paris and Tel Aviv, 100 consultants in 17 countries, and clients all over the world.


Find out more about our telecommunication services and full list of capabilities.

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by Darren Sheppard 4 December 2025
What is the Contract Lifecycle Management and Why does it Matter? The future success of your business depends on realising the value that’s captured in its contracts. From vendor agreements to employee documents, everywhere you look are commitments that need to be met for your business to succeed. The type of contract and the nature of goods or services it covers will determine what sort of management activities might be needed at each stage. How your company is organised will also determine which departments or individuals are responsible for what activities at each stage. Contract Lifecycle Management, from a buyer's perspective, is the process of defining and designing the actual activities needed in each stage for any specific contract, allocating ownership of the activities to individuals or groups, and monitoring the performance of those activities as the contract progresses through its lifecycle. The ultimate aim is to minimise surprises, ensure the contracted goods or services are delivered by the vendor in accordance with the contract, and realise the expected business benefits and value for money. The Problem of Redundant Spend in Contracts Despite the built-in imbalance of information favoring suppliers, companies still choose to oversee these vendors internally. However, many adopt a reactive, unstructured approach to supplier management and struggle to bridge the gap between contractual expectations and actual performance. Currently, where governance exists, it is often understaffed, with weak, missing, or poorly enforced processes. The focus is primarily on manual data collection, validation, and basic retrospective reporting of supplier performance, rather than on proactively managing risk, relationships, and overall performance. The amount of redundant spend in contracts can vary widely depending on the industry, the complexity of the contracts, and how rigorously they are managed. For further information on this, Cambridge MC’s case studies provide insights into typical ranges and common sources of redundant spend. As a general estimate, industry analysts often state that redundant spend can account for as much as 20% of total contract value. In some cases, especially in poorly managed contracts, this can be much higher. What is AI-driven Contract Management? Artificial Intelligence (AI) is redefining contract management, transforming a historically time-consuming and manual process into a streamlined, efficient, and intelligent operation. Traditionally, managing contracts required legal teams to navigate through extensive paperwork, drafting, reviewing, and monitoring agreements — a process prone to inefficiencies and human error. With the emergence of artificial intelligence, particularly generative AI and natural language processing (NLP), this area of operations is undergoing a paradigm shift. This step change is not without concerns however, as there are the inevitable risks of AI hallucinations, training data biases and the threat to jobs. AI-driven contract management solutions not only automate repetitive tasks but also uncover valuable insights locked up in contract data, improving compliance and reducing the risks that are often lost in reams paperwork and contract clauses. Put simply, AI can automate, analyse, and optimise every aspect of your contract lifecycle. From drafting and negotiation to approval, storage, and tracking, AI-powered platforms enhance precision and speed across these processes; in some cases reducing work that might take several days to minutes or hours. By discerning patterns and identifying key terms, conditions, and concepts within agreements, AI enables businesses to parse complex contracts with ease and efficiency. In theory, this empowers your legal and contract teams (rather than reducing them), allowing personnel to focus on high-level tasks such as strategy rather than minutiae. However, it is important to recognise that none of the solutions available in the marketplace today offer companies an integrated supplier management solution, combining a comprehensive software platform, capable of advanced analytics, with a managed service. Cambridge Management Consulting is one of only a few consultancies that offers fully integrated Contract Management as a Service (CMaaS). Benefits of Integrating AI into your Contract Lifecycle Management Cambridge MC’s Contract Management as a Service (CMaaS) 360-degree Visibility: Enable your business to gain 360-degree visibility into contracts and streamline the change management process. Real-time Data: Gain real-time performance data and granularly compare it against contractually obligated outcomes. More Control: Take control of your contracts and associated relationships with an integrated, centralised platform. Advanced meta data searches provide specific information on external risk elements, and qualitative and quantitative insights into performance. Reduces Costs: By automating manual processes, businesses can significantly reduce administrative costs associated with contract management. AI-based solutions eliminate inefficiencies in the contract lifecycle while minimising reliance on external legal counsel for routine tasks. Supplier Collaboration: Proactively drive supplier collaboration and take a data-driven approach towards managing relationships and governance process health. Enhanced Compliance: AI tools ensure that contracts adhere to internal policies and external regulations by flagging non-compliant clauses during the drafting or review stage. This proactive approach reduces the risk of costly disputes or penalties. Reduces Human Errors: In traditional contract management processes, human errors can lead to missed deadlines and hidden risks. AI-powered systems use natural language processing to identify inconsistencies or inaccuracies in contracts before they escalate into larger issues. Automates Repetitive Tasks: AI-powered tools automate time-consuming tasks such as drafting contracts, reviewing documents for errors, and extracting key terms. This frees up legal teams to focus on higher-value activities like strategic negotiations and risk assessment. We can accurately model and connect commercial information across end-to-end processes and execution systems. AI capabilities then derive and apply automated commercial intelligence (from thousands of commercial experts using those systems) to error-proof complex tasks such as searching for hidden contract risks, determining SLA calculations and performing invoice matching/approvals directly against best-in-class criteria. Contract management teams using AI tools reported an annual savings rate that is 37% higher than peers. Spending and tracking rebates, delivery terms and volume discounts can ensure that all of the savings negotiated in a sourcing cycle are based on our experience of managing complex contracts for a wide variety of customers. Our Contract Management as a Service, underpinned by AI software tooling, has already delivered tangible benefits and proven success. 8 Steps to Transition Your Organisation to AI Contract Management Implementing AI-driven contract management requires a thoughtful and structured approach to ensure seamless integration and long-term success. By following these key steps your organisation can avoid delays and costly setbacks. Step 1 Digitise Contracts and Centralise in the Cloud: Begin by converting all existing contracts into a digital format and storing them in a secure, centralised, cloud-based repository. This ensures contracts are accessible, organised, and easier to manage. A cloud-based system also facilitates real-time collaboration and allows AI to extract data from various file formats, such as PDFs and OCR-scanned images, with ease. Search for and retrieve contracts using a variety of advanced search features such as full text search, Boolean, regex, fuzzy, and more. Monitor upcoming renewal and expiration events with configurable alerts, notifications, and calendar entries. Streamline contract change management with robust version control and automatically refresh updated metadata and affected obligations. Step 2 Choose the Right AI-Powered Contract Management Software: Selecting the right software is a critical step in setting up your management system. Evaluate platforms based on their ability to meet your organisation’s unique contracting needs. Consider key factors such as data privacy and security, integration with existing systems, ease of implementation, and the accuracy of AI-generated outputs. A well-chosen platform will streamline workflows while ensuring compliance and scalability. Step 3 Understand How AI Analyses Contracts: To make the most of AI, it’s essential to understand how it processes contract data. AI systems use Natural Language Processing (NLP) to interpret and extract meaning from human-readable contract terms, while Machine Learning (ML) enables the system to continuously improve its accuracy through experience. These combined technologies allow AI to identify key clauses, conditions, and obligations, as well as extract critical data like dates, parties, and legal provisions. Training your team on these capabilities will help them to understand the system and diagnose inconsistencies. Step 4 Maintain Oversight and Validate AI Outputs: While AI can automate repetitive tasks and significantly reduce manual effort, human oversight is indispensable. Implement a thorough process for spot-checking AI-generated outputs to ensure accuracy, compliance, and alignment with organisational standards. Legal teams should review contracts processed by AI to verify the integrity of agreements and minimise risks. This collaborative approach between AI and human contract management expertise ensures confidence in the system. Step 5 Refine the Data Pool for Better Results: The quality of AI’s analysis depends heavily on the data it is trained on. Regularly refine and update your data pool by incorporating industry-relevant contract examples and removing errors or inconsistencies. A well-maintained data set enhances the precision of AI outputs, enabling the system to adapt to evolving business needs and legal standards. Step 6 Establish Frameworks for Ongoing AI Management: To ensure long-term success, set clear objectives and measurable goals for your AI contract management system. Define key performance indicators (KPIs) to track progress and prioritise features that align with your organisation’s specific requirements. Establish workflows and governance frameworks to guide the use of AI tools, ensuring consistency and accountability in contract management processes. Step 7 Train and Empower Your Teams: Equip your teams with the skills and knowledge they need to use AI tools effectively. Conduct hands-on training sessions to familiarise users with the platform’s features and functionalities. Create a feedback loop to gather insights from your team, allowing for continuous improvement of the system. Avoid change resistance by using change management methodologies, as this will foster trust in the technology and drive successful adoption. Step 8 Ensure Ethical and Secure Use of AI: Tools Promote transparency and integrity in the use of AI-driven contract management. Legal teams should have the ability to filter sensitive information, secure data within private cloud environments, and trace data back to its source when needed. By prioritising data security and ethical AI practices, organisations can build trust and mitigate potential risks. With the right tools, training, and oversight, AI can become a powerful ally in achieving operational excellence as well as reducing costs and risk. Overcoming the Technical & Human Challenges While the benefits are compelling, implementing AI in contract management comes with some unique challenges which need to be managed by your leadership and contract teams: Data Security Concerns: Uploading sensitive contracts to cloud-based platforms risks data breaches and phishing attacks. Integration Complexities: Incorporating AI tools into existing systems requires careful planning to avoid disruptions and downtime. Change Fatigue & Resistance: Training employees to use new technologies can be time-intensive and costly. There is a natural resistance to change, the dynamics of which are often overlooked and ignored, even though these risks are often a major cause of project failure. Reliance on Generic Models: Off-the-shelf AI models may not fully align with your needs without detailed customisation. To address these challenges, businesses should partner with experienced providers who specialise in delivering tailored AI-driven solutions for contract lifecycle management. Case Study 1: The CRM That Nobody Used A mid-sized company invests £50,000 in a cutting-edge Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system, hoping to streamline customer interactions, automate follow-ups, and boost sales performance. The leadership expects this software to increase efficiency and revenue. However, after six months: Sales teams continue using spreadsheets because they find the CRM complicated. Managers struggle to generate reports because the system wasn’t set up properly. Customer data is inconsistent, leading to missed opportunities. The Result: The software becomes an expensive shelf-ware — a wasted investment that adds no value because the employees never fully adopted it. Case Study 2: Using Contract Management Experts to Set Up, Customise and Provide Training If the previous company had invested in professional services alongside the software, the outcome would have been very different. A team of CMaaS experts would: Train employees to ensure adoption and confidence in using the system. Customise the software to fit business needs, eliminating frustrations. Provide ongoing support, so issues don’t lead to abandonment. Generate workflows and governance for upward communication and visibility of adherence. The Result: A fully customised CRM that significantly improves the Contract Management lifecycle, leading to: more efficient workflows, more time for the contract team to spend on higher value work, automated tasks and event notifications, and real-time analytics. With full utilisation and efficiency, the software delivers real ROI, making it a strategic investment instead of a sunk cost. Summary AI is reshaping the way organisations approach contract lifecycle management by automating processes, enhancing compliance, reducing risks, and improving visibility into contractual obligations. From data extraction to risk analysis, AI-powered tools are empowering legal teams with actionable insights while driving operational efficiency. However, successful implementation requires overcoming challenges such as data security concerns and integration complexities. By choosing the right solutions, tailored to their needs — and partnering with experts like Cambridge Management Consulting — businesses can overcome the challenges and unlock the full potential of AI-based contract management. A Summary of Key Benefits Manage the entire lifecycle of supplier management on a single integrated platform Stop value leakage: as much as 20% of Annual Contract Value (ACV) Reduce on-going governance and application support and maintenance expenses by up to 60% Deliver a higher level of service to your end-user community. Speed without compromise: accomplish more in less time with automation capabilities Smarter contracts allow you to leverage analytics while you negotiate Manage and reduce risk at every step of the contract lifecycle Up to 90% reduction in creating first drafts Reduction in CLM costs and extraction costs How we Can Help Cambridge Management Consulting stands at the forefront of delivering innovative AI-powered solutions for contract lifecycle management. With specialised teams in both AI and Contract Management, we are well-placed to design and manage your transition with minimal disruption to operations. We have already worked with many public and private organisations, during due diligence, deal negotiation, TSAs, and exit phases; rescuing millions in contract management issues. Use the contact form below to send your queries to Darren Sheppard , Senior Partner for Contract Management. Go to our Contract Management Service Page
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