edenseven Designs Energy Supply Strategy for H2 Green By conducting an energy sourcing review and engaging with suppliers H2 Green are a large-scale hydrogen storage business with a focus onsite close to towns and cities across the UK. H2 Green’s ambition is to build hydrogen hubs that deliver large amounts of hydrogen, providing security of supply for multiple users across whole regions. H2 Green engaged edenseven, one of the Cambridge Management Consulting group of companies, to build an electricity supply strategy to meet their growth aspirations and environmental requirements. Project Overview To provide a clear outline of the contracting structures within the UK electricity market which would support the green credentials of the business. Structures needed to range from REGO back supply contracts to more complex long-term renewables agreements. All contracting requirements needed to meet the ‘Renewables Transport Fuel Obligations’ and ‘Low Carbon Hydrogen Standard’. Investigate the commercial opportunities short short-term flexibility of assets and liaise with the supply commodity on product development. Support in consultations to government departments relating to the proposed price support mechanism. Skills & Knowledge An energy expert with a detailed knowledge of the UK energy market, with a specific understanding of the evolving policy landscape and how green hydrogen fits into the government’s forward plans. An insight into global commodity markets and the various contracting structures currently in place across the supply community. A clear understanding of how assets can be utilised in the short-term trading markets and the value of ‘optionality’. An individual who holds key relationships across the supply community to enable product development and the ability to influence existing standardised offerings. Outcome & Results Market Analysis : The delivery of a clear and concise view of all the contracting structures currently being provided with the UK electricity market; this included both physical and financial products. Engagement with Government Bodies : A well-considered submission to the relevant government bodies in response to a published consultation. This outlined the appropriate pricing and support structure needed to accelerate the Green Hydrogen Industry. Supplier and Investor Relationships : The creation of a strong link to key suppliers and investors within the energy market. Promoting the development of Green Hydrogen and the benefits it can bring to global decarbonisation.

The Environmental Trade-off in Digital Infrastructure Development Digital development presents a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it boosts productivity through remote work, AI, and automation, with the potential to lift billions out of poverty. Yet, at the same time, the rapid growth of infrastructure required to support these developments will need a corresponding growth in decarbonisation to avoid a climate catastrophe. The German Advisory Council on Global Change highlights this contradiction: “uncontrolled digital change threatens to undermine the important foundations of our democracies” [1] . This article takes an in-depth look at how global institutions push the mantra of ‘digitisation’ as a developmental priority for nations while failing to adequately acknowledge the huge climate impact of this enterprise. This obscuring of consequences eases the way for a rapid extension of infrastructure that consumes billions of gallons of non-renewable resources annually. In this article, I suggest that detailed modelling and forecasting are one of the major pillars needed to address this dichotomy. I will set out an approach and resources for modelling the digital demand to design a more predictive approach to digital infrastructure builds. The Environmental Impact of a Data Explosion The amount of data flowing over global digital infrastructure has exploded 300-fold over the last 10 years [2] , with the next 20 years expected to see faster-paced growth on the back of the continued digitisation of life and entertainment, as well as from huge numbers of people in developing countries coming online for the first time. This explosion is a good thing—the UN’s Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 9 aims to provide universal and affordable access to the internet by 2030 [3] . Access to the internet and digital services strongly correlates with improvements in education, healthcare and women’s empowerment. As increasing numbers of people come online, and the scale of their data use grows, a variety of digital infrastructure will need to be built or scaled up if the digital ambitions of countries and trading blocks are to be realised. Connectivity is one part of the solution—increased coverage of broadband, mobile and satellite will undoubtedly support these targets. But, ultimately, all that data traffic needs a destination point, in the form of data centres, which, unfortunately, require vast sums of power. In the USA, data centres are expected to consume 380TWh of electricity by 2027 [4] , almost 9% of the country’s total consumption. Ireland faces an even larger burden with digital infrastructure expected to consume 33% of the country’s total electricity by 2026 [5] , and potentially 70% of the country’s electricity by 2030 [6] . Ireland and the USA have reliable national power grids, but this is not necessarily the case in developing countries. In Nigeria, data centres and mobile towers rely heavily on diesel generators, burning nearly a billion litres of diesel annually. This is a country where the average annual mobile data traffic per subscription is only 6GB per year [7] , just over 0.1% of the average traffic from a UK subscriber. To achieve universal internet access for a population that is estimated to cross the 300 million threshold by 2036 will require an exponential growth in digital infrastructure. If Nigeria remained dependent on diesel generators, and data consumption on a per-person basis reaches the UK’s level of data traffic, then the country would consume 9 trillion litres of diesel a year—over 100 times the amount of diesel consumed by the entire world in 2022 [8] . This single event would create a climate catastrophe—even if the UK, France, Germany, Spain and the Nordics reduced their CO2 emissions to zero, this would offset less than half of this increase. This is of course the worst-case scenario. Grid infrastructure has developed across West Africa and there are a multitude of projects which are building green energy infrastructure. But there has yet to be a major MNO, TowerCo or data centre company which has shown significant year-on-year reductions in emissions. It is unjust to expect developing nations to slow down or halt their digitisation while developed countries reap the benefits of a digitised economy. Instead, alternative approaches to managing global emissions are needed. And this is where predictive analytics become a crucial tool for forecasting future demand. These tools and models will support the development of alternative strategies for power generation and implement methods to reduce emissions from digital infrastructure. A predictive tool that models national network traffic growth and compares it to projected digital infrastructure expansion will help identify underserved areas early, enabling better planning of digital and power infrastructure. Early planning allows for the integration of renewable energy, natural cooling solutions, and partnerships with sustainability experts to reduce emissions. Creating the Model: Traffic vs Digital Infrastructure To address these challenges, David Jones, an Associate of Cambridge Management Consulting, has developed a comprehensive model that examines global internet traffic on a country-by-country basis and compares it to existing and planned digital infrastructure within those countries. This model considers several factors: Population Growth: Increasing numbers of internet users Economic Growth: Rising wealth levels leading to more internet usage Internet Penetration: A growing proportion of each country’s population getting online Usage Patterns: Moving towards video transmission over the internet significantly increasing traffic B2B and M2M Traffic: Business-to-business and machine-to-machine Internet traffic growth This model projects internet traffic growth over the next 20 years, if data traffic growth follows a logarithmic curve, increasing at a decreasing rate. In Germany and other developed nations, the rate of traffic growth slows once it reaches a certain threshold, as there is a natural limit to how much HD video a person can consume. By comparing these projections with a database of over 10,000 data centres, including locations and power consumption, it is possible to identify regions with underdeveloped or overdeveloped digital infrastructure. Note: This model does not account for the growth in generative AI, which adds further demand on a strained digital infrastructure. For more information on this subject, see our recent article: Building an AI-ready infrastructure . Initial Results When we run this model and compare countries, what immediately becomes clear is the difference in scale between the growth of digital infrastructure and internet traffic. Ireland’s digital infrastructure is increasing at a rate faster than its internet traffic, while in countries like Bangladesh and Algeria internet usage is growing ten times faster than the digital infrastructure that supports it. David has modelled 76 countries and will be completing another 50 over the next few months. So far, the CAGR of internet traffic is around 30%, and the CAGR of data centres is around 12%. What’s clear from this graph is how the difference in growth rates compounds over time, and that as the years progress the gap between traffic and infrastructure widens. This shows that over time the availability of infrastructure will become a massive limiting factor to digital experience. Eventually, the lack of adequate infrastructure may even prevent citizens from accessing essential internet services.

Cambridge Tech Week As Cambridge Tech Week approaches, there is a spotlight on innovative technological solutions that can accelerate local authorities towards their net zero targets. This year, a standout contribution comes from edenseven, an environmental consultancy with strong ties to the region. In collaboration with Peterborough City Council and a consortium of other organisations, edenseven is developing an innovative digital platform, cero.places, designed to accurately measure emissions, report on interventions, and provide insights for the council's decarbonisation strategy. As we gather at Cambridge Tech Week to celebrate and explore world-class technological advancements, the work of edenseven and Peterborough City Council serves as a compelling example of how tech-driven solutions can level the barriers to a sustainable future. The Opportunity Local Authorities have the capacity to impact roughly one third of UK emissions, according to the Climate Change Committee’s 2020 report, being able to control significant portions of local transport, social housing, and waste, as well as influence the behaviours of local businesses and communities. 327 out of 394 (June 2024) Local Authorities have declared a climate emergency, of which 114 have a net zero target and 280 have a plan (CAPE.mysociety.org). This demonstrates both a belief in the importance of responding to climate change, and a willingness to act . The Challenge While there has been support from central government, including the establishment in 2022 of regional Net Zero Hubs, the assistance website – Net Zero Go - in 2023, and substantial funding, the Climate Change Committee summed up the main challenge: ‘In England and Northern Ireland, there is no overall plan on how local authorities fit into delivering net zero. The onus is on local authorities to work out their own course based on piecemeal policy and communications from Government.’ This ‘working out their own course’ is demonstrated by the 2024 Local Government Association Sustainability Survey , which showed significant variation across authorities: 92% are reporting their authority’s scope 1 and 2 emissions, but only 35% are reporting their scope 3 emissions . 52% report their local area’s scope 1 and 2 emissions, and only 15% report their area’s scope 3 emissions . 37% use their own tools to arrive at their authority’s carbon emissions, 33% use a purpose build tool, and 19% used an external consultancy. To measure area wide emissions, 52% use the BEIS inventory, 16% use an external consultancy, 16% use SCATTER, and 8% have developed their own tools. But there is no single platform which provides both area-wide and authority accounting, and certainly not one which also combines pathway strategies and project tracking for local authorities. The absence of a common framework and approach to report emissions is problematic, as good measurements are key to building effective emissions reduction strategies , setting measurable and ambitious emission goals, and tracking progress accurately. Our Technology Solution The absence of a common framework is clear, but the solution is clearer: good measurements and accurate tracking require robust and dynamic data and management , which can be found in a technological approach. Using Peterborough as an example of a region whose environmental strategy could benefit from further structure, the holistic and objective nature of a technological solution stands to resolve the following boundaries: Understanding of the emission totals across the authority and area. A consistent a simple way to manage emission data across the council. Creating standard reports quickly and easily for different audiences (eg. senior executives to local communities). Consolidating and tracking all intervention projects across the council area. Measuring and illustrating the impact of ongoing projects both individually and collectively. As part of Peterborough Accelerated Net Zero (PANZ), edenseven, a sustainability consultancy based in the UK with strong connections to Cambridge, has been developing a digital platform with which to respond to these very challenges, and more, cero.places . In affiliation with their in-house carbon accounting platform, cero.earth , this system is being designed to specifically help Peterborough City Council and Cambridgeshire County Council to successfully record and report their carbon emissions, climate strategies, and intervention projects aligned to these strategies. With the potential to further benefit other local councils , cero.places also has the built-in capacity to identify potential intervention projects , capture stakeholders , track funding , and communicate updates to the public . As such, leveraging the numerous positives and innovations of technology, cero.places will support councils to easily and accurately record, manage, and report on their emissions, strategies, and projects in a consistent way, providing a standardised approach to the project. Furthermore, partners, and the public, will be able to see the projects they are involved with and the impact that their interventions are having on reducing emissions and achieving targets. What's Next? Although cero.places is being designed using Peterborough and Cambridgeshire councils as test cases, the underlying tech will be flexible enough that it can easily be customised to any local authority , integrating with their tools and systems. The long-term vision is to make a platform that becomes the go-to for local authorities to manage their net zero journey end-to-end . About edenseven edenseven is a sustainability consultancy and technology provider that uses data and market experience to enable the private and public sector, and their supply chains, to play their part in tackling climate change while achieving sustainable growth. For more information, visit their website . About PANZ edenseven is delivering Peterborough Accelerated Net Zero alongside consortium partners: Peterborough City Council, Cambridgeshire County Council, Nordic Energy, Energy Systems Catapult and PECT. Innovate UK are funding £2.75m of this £3.2m project. The work described here is just one of several work packages. For more information, read more here .